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MRCPUK Endocrinology and Diabetes (Specialty Certificate Examination) Sample Questions:

1. A 48-year-old man presented with an infected ulcer, measuring 2 ? 1 cm, over the right first metatarsal head, with surrounding cellulitis. He had no previous history of diabetes mellitus but had been told by his general practitioner some years previously that his blood glucose was 'borderline'.
On examination, his temperature was 37.4C, his blood pressure was 158/92 mmHg and his body mass index was 31.5 kg/m2 (18-25). His foot pulses were easily palpable but he had a sensory neuropathy.
Investigations:
random plasma glucose16.4 mmol/L
haemoglobin A1c81 mmol/mol (20-42)
What is the most appropriate treatment for his hyperglycaemia?

A) sitagliptin 100 mg once daily
B) soluble insulin before meals, basal insulin at bedtime
C) metformin 500 mg twice daily
D) exenatide 5 micrograms twice daily
E) gliclazide 40 mg twice daily

2. A 56-year-old man attended routine follow-up for treatment of hypogonadism of late onset. His only medication was testosterone undecanoate (1 g intramuscular injection, every 12 weeks). He had started this treatment 12 months previously and last received the injection 1 week before review.
Digital rectal examination was normal.
Investigations (baseline): haemoglobin145 g/L (130-180) haematocrit0.46 (0.40-0.52) serum prostate-specific antigen0.6 ug/L (<4)
Investigations (12 months after treatment):
haemoglobin153 g/L (130-180) haematocrit0.51 (0.40-0.52) serum prostate-specific antigen5.1 ug/L (<4)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A) stop testosterone therapy
B) decrease testosterone injection frequency to 14 weeks
C) reassure and repeat blood tests in 12 months
D) refer for urological assessment
E) check serum testosterone

3. A 28-year-old man was seen in the lipid clinic following a referral from the general surgical team. He had had two episodes of acute pancreatitis over the preceding 6 months, which settled spontaneously. He had a past medical history of HIV disease and was taking highly active antiretroviral (HAART) therapy. He drank 12 units of alcohol per week.
On examination, he had no stigmata of hyperlipidaemia.
Investigations:
fasting plasma glucose6.2 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
haemoglobin A1c44 mmol/mol (20-42)
serum cholesterol7.5 mmol/L (<5.2)
fasting serum triglycerides23.70 mmol/L (0.45-1.69)
serum thyroid-stimulating hormone0.7 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
serum free T414.3 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
What class of antiretroviral drug is the most likely cause of his metabolic disturbance?

A) protease inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir)
B) integrase inhibitors (e.g. raltegravir)
C) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g. zidovudine)
D) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g. nevirapine)
E) entry inhibitors (e.g. enfuvirtide)

4. A 60-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus attended for an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. His oral hypoglycaemic medication regimen was metformin 1 g twice daily and gliclazide 160 mg twice daily. His haemoglobin A1c concentration had been 69 mmol/mol (20-42) when checked 2 months previously.
He was admitted on the morning of surgery and was on the morning list. He had fasted from midnight and taken metformin 1 g at 05.00 h.
On examination, he weighed 82 kg.
Investigations (on admission):
serum creatinine64 umol/L (60-110)
fasting plasma glucose18.1 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
capillary blood ketones0.2 mmol/L (<1)
According to the Joint British Diabetes Societies guideline 'Management of adults with diabetes undergoing surgery and elective procedures', what is the most appropriate next step in management to bring his preoperative glucose into the acceptable range (4.0-12.0 mmol/L)?

A) cancel surgery and refer to local diabetes team
B) rapid-acting analogue insulin 16 units subcutaneously
C) rapid-acting analogue insulin 8 units subcutaneously
D) variable-rate insulin infusion
E) gliclazide 160 mg orally

5. A 69-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a 3-day history of an ulcer on his right second toe.
On examination, the toe was red, swollen and enlarged, and looked like a 'sausage digit'. The ulcer appeared superficial.
Investigations:
X-ray of right second toeno sign of osteomyelitis
Cultures from the debrided wound bed were taken and the results were awaited.
What is the most appropriate type of antibiotic regimen to start empirically before the culture results are available?

A) narrow spectrum for 10 days
B) narrow spectrum for 6 weeks
C) broad spectrum for 10 days
D) broad spectrum for 6 weeks
E) no antibiotic

Solutions: